| --- Prefix 以 I = "point of reference" |
|---|
| 以上 ijō what's above | what's more | Ref. 以 [-pointer] |
| 以下 ika what's less | Ref. 以 [-pointer] |
| 以前 izen what's before | Ref. 以 [-pointer] |
| 以後 igo what's after | what's follows | Ref. 以 [-pointer] |
| 以東 itō East of | Ref. 以 [-pointer] |